Ozempic was arguably the most sought-after drug of 2024, initially introduced as a treatment for diabetes but gaining global attention for its unprecedented weight loss results. Numerous celebrities, including Oprah Winfrey, Khloe Kardashian, and Sharon Osbourne, openly admitted using this drug to shed significant weight without drastic lifestyle changes or restrictive diets.
This wave of enthusiasm has spread worldwide, leading to shortages in many countries and skyrocketing the shares of Novo Nordisk, the pharmaceutical company behind Ozempic. Over the past five years, the company’s stock has risen by nearly 270%, turning a €260,000 investment in October into almost €1 million today.
What has caused this “Ozempic-mania,” and how does it impact individual health, society, and the pharmaceutical industry as a whole?
What is Ozempic?
Ozempic is the most well-known drug in the class of GLP-1 analogs (glucagon-like peptide-1). Imagine sitting down with a plate of pasta and a glass of wine. By the time you’re almost done, you feel full and realize that having another plate or glass might be too much. This sensation of fullness is the result of a complex mechanism involving hormones, neurotransmitters, and neurons.
One key hormone involved is GLP-1, secreted in the intestines, which signals to the brain that you’re full, helping to curb overeating. However, this hormone is quickly broken down by an enzyme called DPP-4, lasting only about two minutes.
For decades, scientists have understood the role of this enzyme but struggled to create long-lasting solutions due to the hormone’s short lifespan. With advancements in biotechnology, synthetic analogs of GLP-1 were developed, prolonging its effect. This gave rise to the class of GLP-1 analogs.
The pioneer of this class was liraglutide, marketed as Victoza by Novo Nordisk. Initially used as a daily injection for type 2 diabetes management, Victoza improved blood sugar control but showed limited results in weight loss and had side effects such as nausea. Over time, semaglutide was developed—a molecule that lasts up to seven days in the body, requiring only weekly administration. This is the drug we now know as Ozempic.
Who is Ozempic For?
Primarily, Ozempic is for diabetic patients. The drug was designed to help manage type 2 diabetes by increasing satiety, regulating blood sugar levels, and improving HbA1c levels. However, during clinical use, it was observed that Ozempic drastically reduced appetite, leading to rapid weight loss and improved overall health markers in patients.
This discovery opened doors to another massive industry: the fitness and weight-loss market. Ozempic became a desirable “lifestyle drug” for individuals struggling with obesity, even if they didn’t have diabetes.
Eligibility for Ozempic Use
Ozempic and other GLP-1 analogs are prescription-only medications in most countries. A doctor must evaluate a patient’s overall health and determine whether the medication is appropriate.
Its primary indication remains type 2 diabetes, but it can also be prescribed to individuals with:
- BMI over 30 who have not achieved results through diet and exercise.
- BMI over 27, along with chronic conditions that significantly impact daily life.
The Supply Chain Challenge
Since semaglutide is not a generic drug and is produced exclusively by Novo Nordisk, the company has faced challenges meeting global demand. Many countries, including EU nations and Australia, have experienced significant shortages.
To address this issue, initiatives are being proposed to restrict Ozempic prescriptions to diabetic patients. However, the drug’s popularity stems largely from its weight-loss efficacy, with an annual reduction of up to 15% of body weight, driving demand in the fitness industry.
What Does the Future Hold?
Recognizing the success of Ozempic, other pharmaceutical companies are racing to develop similar or superior molecules. Notable competitors include:
- Dulaglutide (Trulicity) by Eli Lilly
- Tirzepatide (Mounjaro), another GLP-1 analog combined with GIP (glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide), showing promise in both diabetes and weight loss treatment.
A dual-track approach may be the way forward, with medications targeting specific indications: type 2 diabetes and obesity. For instance, semaglutide is also marketed under the name Wegovy, specifically for weight loss in individuals with a BMI over 30 or over 27 with chronic health issues.
Does Ozempic Have Drawbacks?
Like most medications, Ozempic is not without its downsides. Its primary limitation is that the effects on body weight are temporary—once discontinued, users may experience a classic “yo-yo effect,” regaining lost weight if they haven’t adopted healthier eating and exercise habits.
Common Side Effects Include:
- Nausea and vomiting
- Bloating or constipation
- Risk of pancreatitis
- Not recommended for individuals with thyroid disorders, a history of thyroid cancer, or kidney disease
A Revolution, with Caution
Ozempic and other GLP-1 analogs have undoubtedly revolutionized the treatment of diabetes and obesity. This success has driven pharmaceutical companies to develop more effective, longer-lasting, and safer alternatives.
While this drug offers hope for many, caution is necessary. For individuals without significant medical need, traditional methods of weight loss—through dietary changes, physical activity, and calorie deficits—remain the gold standard for achieving long-term health and satisfaction.
To address supply issues, separating the indications for diabetes and obesity treatments may be the most ethical and practical solution. This way, diabetic patients can access their medications without disruption, while individuals seeking weight loss can benefit without guilt.
What’s Your Take?
Have you or someone you know tried Ozempic? Share your experiences or thoughts in the comments below!
Read also: My 30 Day Challenge
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